Regular education is designed to meet the needs of the average learner. It uses a standardized curriculum and teaching methods applied to the entire classroom. While teachers differentiate instruction to some extent, the fundamental approach remains the same for all students.
Special education, on the other hand, is specifically designed to address the unique learning needs of students with disabilities. This means:
* Individualized Education Program (IEP): Students in special education have an IEP, a legally binding document that outlines specific goals, accommodations, and services tailored to their individual needs. This plan is developed by a team including parents, teachers, specialists, and the student (when appropriate).
* Specialized Instruction: Special education teachers use specialized teaching methods and materials to cater to the student's specific learning style, disability, and IEP goals. This might involve different teaching techniques, adapted materials, assistive technology, and specialized therapies.
* Individualized Support: Students may receive support from various professionals, such as speech therapists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, counselors, or paraprofessionals, depending on their needs.
* Accessibility: Special education ensures that students with disabilities have access to the general education curriculum, but often through adapted means and support. This might involve modified assignments, extended time, alternative assessment methods, or different learning environments.
* Legal Framework: Special education is governed by federal and state laws (e.g., IDEA in the U.S.), which mandate specific procedures for identification, evaluation, and provision of services.
In short, regular education provides a general education for all students, while special education provides individualized and specialized instruction and support to students with disabilities to help them access and succeed in their education. Many students with disabilities may spend some time in both regular and special education settings, depending on their needs and IEP. The goal is to maximize each student's potential, regardless of their learning differences.