Technically it is possible to become a sonographer without any formal training, but this is rare. Most employers prefer to hire technicians who have received at least a vocational certificate in the field, obtained through a vocational school, community college or clinical institution. Supervised clinical experience is essential, and may be delivered through a clinic at the school or by affiliation with a hospital or clinic in the area. Those who are already working technicians in a related field may also qualify as sonographers through an accelerated one year program.
The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs accredits schools and clinical teaching facilities with associates degrees in sonography. An associates degree provides a broader educational base than a vocational certificate, including general science and humanities courses along with the requisite studies in human physiology, anatomy and similar topics and is adequate for most jobs in sonography. Many community colleges and technical schools arrange credit transfers with nearby universities, with the associates degree program serving as the first half of a bachelor's degree.
It isn't necessary for an ultrasound technician to hold a bachelor's degree, but for those who wish to advance in the field it is preferable. A four year CAAHEP-accredited program at a university or clinical teaching facility allows for more advanced course work, as well as a wider range of electives. This equips the sonographer for advancement into more responsible positions, whether in management or advanced clinical practice. The most ambitious may opt to take a graduate degree in business or management, opening the door to senior positions within most organizations.
There is no national licensing requirement for sonographers, but it may be necessary in some local jurisdictions. Certification is also available from various professional organizations, and must be maintained by a program of ongoing professional development. Some technicians return to school and qualify in an advanced clinical specialty, such as cardiac or obstetric sonography. Another option is to cross-train in one or more additional diagnostic technologies, such as MRI or CT scanning. This extra versatility often allows a technician to command a higher salary, and to stand out from others in the job market.