North America:
* Silicon Valley (California, USA): Remains the world's most famous tech hub, known for software, semiconductors, and venture capital.
* Boston/Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA): Strong in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and higher education research.
* Seattle (Washington, USA): Center for aerospace, software (especially cloud computing), and e-commerce.
* Austin (Texas, USA): Growing rapidly in software, semiconductors, and technology services.
* New York City (New York, USA): A major player in finance technology (FinTech) and media technology.
Europe:
* London (UK): A major financial technology (FinTech) center, with strengths in software and AI.
* Paris (France): Strong in aerospace, telecommunications, and software.
* Berlin (Germany): A growing hub for startups, particularly in software and renewable energy technologies.
* Munich (Germany): Known for automotive technology and advanced manufacturing.
* Stockholm (Sweden): A strong center for telecommunications and gaming.
Asia:
* Beijing (China): A rapidly growing hub for technology, particularly in AI, e-commerce, and telecommunications.
* Shanghai (China): A significant center for technology manufacturing and finance technology.
* Shenzhen (China): Known as the "Silicon Valley of Hardware," focusing on electronics manufacturing and hardware innovation.
* Bangalore (India): A major center for software development and IT services ("Silicon Valley of India").
* Tokyo (Japan): Strong in electronics, robotics, and automotive technology.
* Seoul (South Korea): A leading center for electronics, telecommunications, and memory chips.
Other Notable Regions:
* Tel Aviv (Israel): Known for cybersecurity and high-tech startups.
* Toronto (Canada): Growing in AI and fintech.
It's important to note that this is not an exhaustive list, and many other cities and regions are developing strong high-tech sectors. Furthermore, the relative importance of these locations can change rapidly due to technological advancements, government policies, and economic factors. The geographical distribution is also influenced by access to skilled labor, venture capital, research institutions, and supportive infrastructure.