1. Meeting Standards Set by Accrediting Agencies:
* Rigorous Self-Study: The university undertakes an extensive self-evaluation, examining all aspects of its operations, from faculty qualifications and curriculum to student support services and financial stability.
* Peer Review: An external team of experts from other accredited institutions visits the university, reviews the self-study report, and conducts on-site evaluations. They interview faculty, staff, students, and administrators.
* Compliance with Standards: The accrediting agency assesses whether the university meets its pre-defined standards for academic quality, resources, governance, and student outcomes. These standards typically cover areas like:
* Faculty qualifications: The education, experience, and scholarly productivity of professors.
* Curriculum: The rigor, relevance, and coherence of academic programs.
* Library and other resources: Adequate facilities, technology, and support services.
* Student support services: Advising, tutoring, career counseling, and student life activities.
* Financial stability and resources: The university's ability to sustain its operations and fulfill its commitments.
* Institutional governance: The effectiveness of the university's leadership and decision-making processes.
* Assessment of student learning: Methods for measuring student achievement and program effectiveness.
2. Accreditation Type and Recognition:
Accreditation can be at different levels (e.g., institutional, programmatic) and from different agencies. The type of accreditation significantly impacts recognition:
* Regional Accreditation: This is generally considered the most prestigious type in the United States. Regional accreditors (like the Higher Learning Commission, WASC Senior College and University Commission, etc.) evaluate the entire institution. Credits earned at regionally accredited institutions are usually transferable to other regionally accredited institutions.
* National Accreditation: This type focuses on specific program areas (e.g., nursing, engineering). Transferability of credits might be more limited.
* International Accreditation: This varies widely depending on the country and organization. Recognition can be highly variable.
3. Ongoing Monitoring and Reaccreditation:
Accreditation isn't a one-time event. Universities are regularly monitored and must undergo a reaccreditation process every few years (typically 5-10 years) to demonstrate continued compliance with standards. Failure to meet standards can lead to probation, sanctions, or even the loss of accreditation.
In short, a university's accreditation is a testament to its commitment to maintaining high academic standards and providing a quality education. However, the credibility of the accreditation depends heavily on the recognition and reputation of the accrediting agency itself. Students should always research the accrediting agency before considering a university.