Semester 1:
1. Introduction to Biotechnology:
- Overview of biotechnology, its history, and scope.
- Applications of biotechnology in various fields.
- Ethical and societal implications of biotechnology.
2. Biology and Chemistry for Biotechnology:
- Basic concepts in cell biology, genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology.
- Structure and function of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- Enzymes, enzyme kinetics, and their applications.
3. Microbiology:
- Introduction to microorganisms, their classification, and diversity.
- Microbial cell structure, growth, and reproduction.
- Microbial metabolism, fermentation technology, and applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture.
4. Biochemistry:
- Principles of biochemistry, thermodynamics, and bioenergetics.
- Carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis.
- Lipid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and degradation.
- Protein metabolism, protein synthesis, and proteolysis.
5. Mathematics and Statistics:
- Basic mathematical concepts and statistical tools.
- Probability and distributions.
- Graphical representation of data and analysis.
6. Practical/Lab Component:
- Laboratory techniques and safety practices.
- Microscopy, cell staining, and basic lab procedures.
- Experiments related to cell biology, microbiology, and biochemistry.
Semester 2:
7. Molecular Biology:
- Structure of DNA and RNA, replication, transcription, and translation.
- Gene organization, regulation, and expression.
- Genetic engineering techniques, recombinant DNA technology, and cloning.
8. Immunology:
- Introduction to immune system, innate immunity, and antigen-antibody interactions.
- Immune cells, immunoglobulins, and immune responses.
- Hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and immune disorders.
9. Bioprocess Technology:
- Principles of bioprocessing, fermentation, and bioreactor design.
- Upstream processing, downstream processing, and purification techniques.
- Industrial applications of bioprocess technology in pharmaceuticals, fermentation, and waste management.
10. Environmental Biotechnology:
- Environmental challenges and the role of biotechnology in their mitigation.
- Environmental pollution, bioremediation, and biodegradation processes.
- Waste treatment, water pollution control, and solid waste management.
11. Computational Biology:
- Introduction to bioinformatics, sequence analysis, and databases.
- Comparative genomics, gene expression analysis, and phylogenetics.
- In silico tools for protein structure prediction and drug design.
12. Practical/Lab Component:
- Experiments in molecular biology, immunology, bioprocess technology, and environmental biotechnology.
- Techniques such as PCR, electrophoresis, ELISA, and chromatography.
- Data analysis and interpretation.
Please note that this syllabus is a general representation, and actual course structures and content can vary depending on the specific university or institution.