1. Bachelor's degree (4 years): A bachelor's degree in a science-related field, such as biology, chemistry, or forensic science, is required.
2. Medical school (4 years): After completing a bachelor's degree, aspiring medical examiners must attend medical school to obtain a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree.
3. Residency training (3-4 years): After medical school, future medical examiners must complete a residency program in pathology. This specialized training includes rotations in forensic pathology, which focuses on the examination of deceased individuals to determine the cause and manner of death.
4. Additional training and certification (1-2 years): After completing residency, medical examiners may pursue additional training in forensic pathology through fellowship programs or other specialized courses. They may also obtain certification through the American Board of Pathology in the subspecialty of forensic pathology.
5. Licensure: Medical examiners are required to be licensed to practice medicine in the jurisdiction where they work. Licensure requirements may include passing a medical licensing exam and meeting continuing education requirements.
In total, the minimum number of years required to become a medical examiner is approximately 12, including undergraduate studies, medical school, residency training, additional training and certification, and time taken for licensure. However, many medical examiners continue to pursue further education, research, and professional development throughout their careers.