* Simulated environments: They use mannequins and simulators to practice techniques and refine their skills in a safe and controlled setting.
* Supervised practice: Once they have sufficient training in simulated environments, they progress to practicing on patients under the direct supervision of experienced physicians or nurses. This supervision ensures patient safety and provides immediate feedback and correction.
* Observation: A significant part of learning involves observing experienced professionals performing these procedures.
Self-practice would carry significant risks of infection, injury, and poor technique development. Medical schools prioritize patient safety and ethical conduct throughout their training programs.