Multiple choice questions require you to depend on recognition to find the correct answer. Even if you do not know the correct answer right away, you can improve your chances of answering the question correctly by examining the possible answers. Eliminate the answers that are impossible or unlikely. Then read the possibilities that are left. Think back to your reading or the instructor's lecture. If you still can't remember the answer, select the one that seems to be most correct. It is likely that if one answer stands out, your subconscious may be remembering the material even if you aren't consciously remembering the answer.
True and false questions may seem easy because you must only choose between two options, but they can be tricky. First, make sure that you understand the question. Some instructors make true and false questions difficult on purpose to test your in-depth knowledge of the material. Students often read the questions too quickly and then select the wrong answer. Read the question carefully and look out for words like "usually," "always" or "never." If there are exceptions to the "always" or "never," for example, the question will be false.
Short answer questions are difficult because you must know the answer to get it right; you don't have the option of choosing a likely answer. The best strategy is to jot down some possible answers and then select the best one. Short-answer questions usually are answered by definition terms or precise terminology or facts that the instructor introduced during a lecture, so try to remember those terms when you think of possibilities for the answer.
Essay questions require well-organized, well-considered answers. You don't get credit for simply filling space. Jot down an outline for the essay on scrap paper or on the back of the test. Include key facts, terms and dates when appropriate. The outline will help you organize your answer and eliminate filler that can cause you to run out of room and lose points. Answer the question according to the outline you made. After you are finished, read over your answer to ensure that you didn't leave out any important information. Correct any spelling or grammar mistakes.