* Matthew Arnold (1822-1888): His essays championed "high culture" and emphasized the importance of literary works that offered moral and spiritual uplift. He advocated for a "disinterested" approach to criticism, emphasizing objectivity and the pursuit of "truth." His work significantly shaped the Victorian literary landscape.
* Walter Pater (1839-1894): A leading figure in the Aesthetic Movement, Pater emphasized the importance of aesthetic experience and the pursuit of beauty. His influential book, *The Renaissance*, advocated for subjective interpretations of art and literature.
* George Eliot (1819-1880): Though known primarily for her novels, Eliot's critical essays, often published under her real name, Mary Ann Evans, were highly influential. She analyzed social issues and explored the psychology of characters with depth and insight.
* Henry James (1843-1916): A prolific novelist and critic, James's essays on fiction explored the techniques of storytelling, character development, and the role of the author. His insights into the craft of writing remain highly influential today.
* Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): While primarily a philosopher, Nietzsche's ideas about art and literature, particularly his emphasis on the power of individual expression and the "death of God," had a profound impact on literary criticism.
These critics, among others, contributed to a changing landscape of literary discourse in the late 19th century. Their views influenced the development of literary movements, the rise of new critical approaches, and the direction of future literary criticism.
Choosing a single "most influential" figure is challenging because their contributions are intertwined and influenced each other. Their ideas continue to resonate in contemporary literary studies, making them all significant figures in the history of criticism.