1. Pre-Colonial Period (Before 1521): This period encompasses the rich oral traditions of the Filipinos before the arrival of the Spanish. It includes folktales, myths, legends, epics, and songs passed down through generations. Examples include the epics "Biag ni Lam-ang" (Ilocano), "Hudhud" (Ifugao), and "Darangen" (Maranao).
2. Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1898): This period saw the influence of Spanish literature and religion, resulting in the emergence of religious poetry, prose, and drama. Notable works include the "Pasyon," a narrative poem about the Passion of Christ, and the "Senakulo," a dramatic retelling of the Passion.
3. American Colonial Period (1898-1941): This period witnessed the rise of English as the language of instruction and literature. Writers explored themes of nationalism, social realism, and the struggle for independence. Notable writers include Jose Rizal, Claro M. Recto, and Manuel Arguilla.
4. Contemporary Period (1941-Present): This period encompasses the diverse and evolving literary landscape of the Philippines. Writers experiment with various genres and styles, reflecting the country's complex social and political realities. Some prominent writers include Nick Joaquin, F. Sionil Jose, and Bienvenido N. Santos.
It's important to note that this classification is not universally accepted, and some scholars may include other periods or sub-periods. Additionally, some works might bridge multiple periods, showcasing the dynamic nature of Philippine literature.