Here's why:
* The Trauma of War: The Civil War was a deeply divisive and violent conflict that shook the nation to its core. It challenged the idyllic and optimistic views of romanticism and transcendentalism, exposing the harsh realities of human nature and society.
* Social and Economic Changes: The war brought about significant social and economic changes, including the abolition of slavery, the rise of industrialization, and the growth of cities. These changes created a new, more complex and challenging landscape for writers to explore.
* Realism as a Response: Realism emerged as a literary movement that aimed to portray life as it truly was, with all its complexities, imperfections, and struggles. This approach was seen as a more honest and accurate reflection of the post-war era.
Key figures in American realism include:
* Mark Twain: Known for his satirical and realistic portrayals of American life in works like "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
* Henry James: Focused on the complexities of human relationships and inner lives in novels like "The Portrait of a Lady" and "The Ambassadors."
* William Dean Howells: Advocated for realism in his writing and criticism, and explored themes of social justice and urban life.
The Civil War was a watershed moment in American literature, ushering in a new era of realism that continues to influence writers today.