Here's a breakdown of what a comprehensive physical exam typically includes:
1. Review of Medical History: This involves a detailed discussion with the doctor covering:
* Personal and family medical history: Information about past illnesses, surgeries, allergies, current medications, family history of diseases (heart disease, cancer, etc.), and lifestyle factors (diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption).
* Social history: Information about occupation, living situation, relationships, and exposure to environmental hazards.
2. Physical Examination: This is a hands-on assessment covering all body systems:
* Vital signs: Measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation.
* Head and neck: Examination of the eyes, ears, nose, throat, mouth, lymph nodes, and thyroid.
* Respiratory system: Auscultation (listening) of the lungs to check for abnormal sounds.
* Cardiovascular system: Auscultation of the heart for murmurs or other abnormalities, palpation of the heart and peripheral pulses.
* Gastrointestinal system: Palpation of the abdomen to assess organ size and tenderness.
* Neurological system: Assessment of mental status, cranial nerves, motor strength, reflexes, coordination, and sensation.
* Musculoskeletal system: Assessment of posture, range of motion, muscle strength, and joint mobility.
* Skin: Examination for lesions, rashes, or other abnormalities.
* Genitourinary system: Examination appropriate to the individual's sex and age, including breast exam in women and prostate exam in men.
3. Diagnostic Testing (May be included depending on individual needs):
* Blood tests: Complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry panel, lipid panel, thyroid function tests, etc.
* Urine tests: Urinalysis to assess kidney function and detect infections.
* Imaging tests: X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs if indicated by the exam findings.
* Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): To assess heart rhythm and electrical activity.
The specific components of a comprehensive physical exam may vary depending on the individual's age, sex, health concerns, and the physician's judgment. It's designed to provide a baseline assessment of health, identify potential problems, and develop a personalized plan for preventive care. It is far more extensive than a routine annual checkup, which typically focuses on specific areas and may not involve as many diagnostic tests.