1. Ongoing and Iterative: It's not a single event at the end of a course or unit, but rather a process that happens throughout. Assessment is integrated into the learning process, providing feedback at various points.
2. Focus on Learning Progress: The primary goal is to monitor student learning and identify areas where they need support, rather than solely judging their final performance. It's about improvement, not just grading.
3. Frequent and Varied Assessment Methods: It utilizes a range of methods, such as quizzes, short assignments, class participation, projects, observations, self- and peer-assessments, to gather a comprehensive picture of student understanding. This avoids reliance on high-stakes, summative tests alone.
4. Timely and Actionable Feedback: Feedback is provided promptly and specifically, guiding students on how to improve their work. It's not just a grade but constructive criticism that helps students learn from their mistakes.
5. Student Involvement: Continuous assessment often involves students in the process, encouraging self-reflection and self-monitoring of their learning. Self and peer-assessment are integral components.
6. Emphasis on Process as well as Product: It assesses not just the final outcome, but also the steps taken to achieve it. This highlights the learning journey and allows for identification of difficulties encountered along the way.
7. Informal and Formal Components: It can include both informal assessments (e.g., observations during class discussions) and formal assessments (e.g., graded assignments). The balance between the two will vary depending on the context.
8. Adaptability and Flexibility: The assessment process can be adjusted based on student needs and progress. If students struggle with a particular concept, the teacher can modify their instruction and assessment strategies accordingly.
In contrast to summative assessment (which focuses on final achievement), continuous assessment emphasizes the ongoing learning process and provides opportunities for improvement throughout the learning journey.