1. Describe the role of the Gram-positive cell wall in the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus.
2. Explain the mechanism of action and clinical uses of the following antimicrobial agents:
a) Penicillin
b) Tetracycline
c) Erythromycin
d) Fluconazole
3. Discuss the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and control measures for the following bacterial diseases:
a) Typhoid fever
b) Tuberculosis
c) Cholera
d) Leprosy
4. Describe the mechanisms by which viruses can cause cancer and provide examples of oncogenic viruses.
5. Explain the concept of prions and discuss the diseases they cause, including their epidemiology, pathology, and clinical manifestations.
6. Discuss the immune response to fungal infections, highlighting the role of different immune cells and mechanisms involved.
7. Explain the techniques used for the isolation and identification of fungi from clinical samples, including culture-dependent and molecular methods.
8. Describe the mechanisms of transmission, pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis of the following parasitic diseases:
a) Malaria
b) Trypanosomiasis
c) Leishmaniasis
9. Discuss the life cycle, pathogenicity, and laboratory diagnosis of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica).
10. Explain the principles and applications of microbial ecology in the fields of environmental science and biotechnology.