When are they used?
A lymph node biopsy may be used to:
- Diagnose cancer, including lymphoma, leukemia, and melanoma.
- Determine the extent of cancer spread.
- Check for infection, including tuberculosis and fungal infections.
- Evaluate immune system disorders.
- Diagnose sarcoidosis, an inflammatory disease that can affect lymph nodes and other organs.
How are they performed?
A lymph node biopsy can be performed in different ways:
- Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: A thin needle is inserted into the lymph node to remove a small amount of tissue for examination. This is usually done in a doctor's office or clinic.
- Core needle biopsy: A larger needle is used to remove a core of tissue from the lymph node. This is usually done with local anesthesia in a doctor's office or clinic.
- Excisional biopsy: The entire lymph node is surgically removed. This is usually done in a hospital operating room.
What are the risks?
The risks of a lymph node biopsy include:
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Pain
- Bruising
- Scarring
- Damage to surrounding tissues
- Rarely, allergic reaction to the anesthesia
What to expect after the test?
After the biopsy, you will be monitored for any complications. You may be given pain medication. The biopsy site will be covered with a bandage. You may be advised to avoid strenuous activity for a few days.
The results of your biopsy will usually be available within a few days to a week. If the biopsy shows that you have cancer, your doctor will discuss your treatment options with you.