* Direct infringement: This occurs when someone actually engages in the activity that violates a right. For example, if someone copies and distributes copyrighted material without the permission of the copyright owner, they are directly infringing on the copyright owner's rights.
* Indirect infringement: This occurs when someone helps or encourages another person to infringe on a right. For example, if someone provides a website that allows users to download copyrighted material for free, they are indirectly infringing on the copyright owner's rights.
* Contributory infringement: This occurs when someone does something that makes it easier or more likely for another person to infringe on a right. For example, if someone sells a device that can be used to crack copyrighted software, they are contributing to the infringement of the software developer's rights.
* Vicarious infringement: This occurs when someone benefits from the infringement of a right by another person. For example, if someone owns a website that profits from advertising that is based on infringing material, they are vicariously infringing on the copyright owner's rights.
Rights can also be infringed by government action. For example, if a government passes a law that makes it illegal to criticize the government, this infringes on the freedom of speech.
It is important to note that not all infringements of rights are illegal. In some cases, there may be a defense to an infringement, such as fair use or the First Amendment.