De jure power is legitimized by established laws, constitution, and formal institutional structures. It exists in accordance with the legally defined structures and principles of a political system. De Facto power, in contrast, is based on the real ability to exercise and influence power, regardless of legal or institutional restraints.
1. De Jure power:
- Derived from Constitutional and established legal rules
- Officially recognized and accepted
- Based on the legitimacy bestowed by the law
- Associated with the rightful authority that comes through designated procedures and systems
Example: A head of state or government who is elected through a legitimate democratic process holds de jure power.
2. De Facto power:
- Obtained through various means, such as force, coercion, charisma, or personal influence.
- Exercised by individuals or group who may lack formal legal authority but still command real power.
- Exists in practical reality regardless of legal frameworks or official titles.
Example: A powerful political figure who dominates decision-making behind the scenes, even without any formal position, wields de facto power.
In many cases, de jure and de facto power coincide, as those with legally acquired power also possess actual influence.
However, there can be situations where de jure and de facto power are divergent. For instance, a ruler who gains power through a coup might have dejure recognition, but their actual control over the country might face challenges from other factions, resulting in a de facto power struggle.