Observe the child at play, taking into account her age. Children engaging in imaginative play often talk to their toys, directing them in a particular way. They may also vent their anger on their toys, and generally this behavior encourages a child to express anger safely. You can assess how easily the child can enter into an imaginary world and also assess her language ability. Very young children do not have a concept of "otherness," but as the child gets older, you may notice that she attributes certain characteristics to her toys.
Assess the child's physical agility, coordination, muscle tone and balance, particularly if she is climbing or engaging in other playful activities, such as playing on a swing. Engaging in physical activities may contribute toward building a child's self-confidence. On the other hand, you may also observe nervousness or timidity on the part of the child; you may detect physical difficulties or fears; for instance, a child may be nervous around water or heights.
Look at the ways the child expresses herself emotionally, when playing on her own. Therapists who work with troubled children understand that playing is often a child's way of acting out inner turmoil or trauma. A happy child should be content to play in her own world, without becoming upset by her thoughts or fears; she can direct her anger appropriately at her toys; and she can demonstrate love and affection.
Look for clues about the child's stage of cognitive and intellectual development by watching her play. Assess whether, for instance, a child can assemble an age-appropriate jigsaw or other puzzle. Stimulate the child's mind and intellect by supplying toys that require concentration and reasoning, allowing her to realize cause and effect. Do not rush in to help or criticize her efforts but be supportive and note any problems or triumphs.