Use blocks or toys to demonstrate basic arithmetic. Objects can help your child visualize mathematical concepts. For example, have your child count groups of blocks separately, then have her tell you the total number of blocks. You can also write out basic word problems, referencing the blocks, and have her find the answer.
Make flash cards with your child to help him learn concepts. Flash cards can be made for addition or subtraction and counting.
Draw diagrams with your child. Diagrams can help children visualize what is being asked by a word problem. You can also encourage your child to read word problems out loud several times until she understands the question at hand.
Use coins such as nickels and dimes to teach your child how to count by 5s and 10s.
Place beans in a jar and ask your child to estimate how many are inside. After he makes a guess, count them together. You can also use the beans to teach addition or subtraction problems.
Explain to your child the difference between centimeters and inches. Teach her to use a ruler by asking her to measure household objects with you, such as a box or a cookie jar.
Explain the hands on a clock and play counting games to teach your child to tell time in 15-minute intervals. For example, have your child compare a digital clock to a small analog clock (with hour and minute hands). Ask her to count minutes out loud and manually move the hands on the analog clock so the time displayed matches the one shown on the digital clock.