Instead of an average level, you'd look at expected *progress* and attainment within a year group. For example, a 12-year-old in year 7 would be expected to be working at a level appropriate for year 7, which would be significantly below what a 12-year-old in year 9 would be expected to achieve.
The grading system also varies by subject and school. While some might use numerical grades or levels, others might use a more descriptive system focusing on progress and attainment targets.
In short, there's no single "average" to reference; it depends entirely on the individual student and their year group.