One form of classroom-based assessment is the anecdotal record. By keeping a note of how the student is performing you are able to write a report at the end of the year. This does not constitute grading in the strict sense of the word, but can give an impression of the student's effort and level of engagement and interest.
It is possible to keep a checklist of performance, graded, for example, from poor to excellent or 1 to 10. For each category take a score and then average the scores. The categories depend on the subject being graded. In computing, for example, it may simply be a list of how well the student can perform a range of tasks with a given software package.
In some subjects, such as music or dance, the student will need to have a performance assessed. It will need to be assessed according to how well the student has fulfilled the aims of the task. For example, in music, a performance may be judged by its accuracy, flow, emphasis and uniqueness.
In some subjects, such as art or design, a student may be asked to produce a portfolio for assessment. The portfolio may be graded according to the appropriateness of the media chosen, the quality of the ideas underlying the artwork, the quality of a focused theme of research that has been developed in the portfolio and the quality of the sources used to inspire the portfolio. These can then be assigned an overall grade, either holistically or on the basis of averages for each item.