Although students may have been briefly introduced to simple algebra in seventh or eighth grade, ninth grade is the year when they are rigorously introduced to algebra. Ninth graders learn to solve functions that correlate with variables representing numbers, and they gain an understanding of algebraic operations, matrices, patterns, exponential growth and decay and linear functions, according to the South Carolina Education Oversight Committee.
A ninth grade math curriculum includes students being introduced to probability and analyzing data. Students use mathematical language to explain their findings based on various simulations and experiments, according to the Math Worksheet Center, a company that academically assists students. Using experimental surveys, developing scatter plots and creating regression equations, students can develop probability factors that explain randomness of events.
Students learn the basics of geometry when they are in ninth grade, and they will continue to advance in this level of math as high school progresses, according to Walden University's Connect Ed. High-school freshmen learn the process of mapping points on a plane as well as the the concept of an area and a radius. In a student's eleventh- or twelfth-grade year of high school, trigonometry will be incorporated into a geometry-based curriculum.
Tied in with geometry and other mathematical concepts, the study of measurement in ninth grade focuses on the relationships among various objects, according to the Math Worksheet Center. Ninth graders learn to measure the area, mass and volume of geometric shapes, and they also learn to measure the many aspects of a prism, sphere and pyramid. Freshman in high school learn to create drawings or equations to solve mathematical problems.