In kindergarten, math basics will be taught. Your child will learn about basic fractions, simple addition, how to tell time, and about monetary coins and being able to count the money. Counting and the order of numbers are often part of a kindergarten math lesson plan.
In the first grade, the skills learned in kindergarten will be reinforced. Expect to start seeing word problems, more addition and subtraction and place values as well as ordinal numbers (number series) and the differences between odd and even numbers.
Once in the second grade, your child will learn about mathematical processes, number and operations, an introduction to algebra and measuring geometry. Second graders will also touch on gathering data to analyze, as well as statistics and probability. These same math concepts will carry on throughout the fifth grade. Each year expect to see different variables added in each grade, with a new level in each grade for each concept.
If you yourself are still unsure on how to help your child with his math homework, don't be afraid or ashamed to ask. For many adults, even basic math problems can be hard to teach or help your child with if it's been awhile for yourself. If he's struggling with math, ask his teacher if she can provide some tutoring. Teachers are there to help the students be successful just as much as you are.