Accustomed to the operations of general mathematics in which everything can be reduced to one numerical answer, students frequently cannot see that the expression "x + y" and similar expressions are irreducible. Teach them games in which algebraic variables have been replaced by familiar objects. You may start with apples and oranges, which we all know cannot be compared or added together, because they are distinct. Allow students to come up with their own equations and replace the variables with objects of their choosing. This should take the edge off some of the anxiety they may have about the topic. To increase the fun, let them eat the variables at the end of such games.
Solving equations in algebra presents another difficulty. More than anything else, students profit from understanding the balance represented by the equal sign between two algebraic expressions. Balance games should emphasize the importance of removing the same amount from each side and never doing something to one side without doing the exact same thing to the other. Students that are still having difficulty grasping elementary algebraic concepts can use familiar objects such as apple and oranges imagery here to reinforce the balance idea.
Put students into teams that are tasked with reducing or simplifying algebraic expressions. Give teams long time limits to answer questions and do not pit one team against another but rather give points for getting the answer correct in the given time. This allows struggling students to have an arena in which they can ask questions and get help without feeling the anxiety caused by competition with others.
Games that are based on well-known television game shows provide reference points for students that experience difficulty in remembering algebraic expressions. These games often incorporate useful permutations, such as the inverted answer and question of Jeopardy, or assistance from experts and friends, such as in the television show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" A setup similar to Family Feud would provide a team environment.