* Student engagement: Were the students paying attention? Were they actively participating?
* Teaching effectiveness: Was the lesson clear, engaging, and well-paced? Did the teacher use appropriate teaching methods for the students' learning styles?
* Prior knowledge: Did the students have the necessary background knowledge to understand the lesson?
* Learning disabilities or other barriers: Did any students have learning differences that impacted their ability to learn the material?
* Assessment methods: How was learning assessed? A test might reveal only surface-level understanding, while other methods might reveal deeper learning.
To know how much was learned, you'd need data from assessments, observations of student understanding, and possibly feedback from the students themselves.