Elementary School (Kindergarten to Grade 6):
* Language Arts: Reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills are heavily emphasized. This includes phonics, grammar, vocabulary building, comprehension, creative writing, and literature. Both English and French are often taught, depending on the province and the student's choice.
* Mathematics: Focuses on foundational concepts like numbers, operations, measurement, geometry, and data analysis. Problem-solving skills are key.
* Science: Introduces basic concepts in biology, chemistry, physics, and earth science through hands-on activities and experiments.
* Social Studies: Covers Canadian history, geography, civics, and current events. It emphasizes understanding Canada's diverse cultures and Indigenous perspectives.
* Physical Education & Health: Promotes physical activity, healthy lifestyles, and fundamental movement skills. It may also include health education, covering topics like nutrition, hygiene, and safety.
* Arts Education: Includes music, drama, and visual arts, encouraging creativity and self-expression.
Secondary School (Grades 7 to 12):
The subjects become more specialized and students choose electives based on their interests and post-secondary goals. Core subjects generally include:
* Language Arts: Continues developing advanced reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. Students may study literature from various periods and cultures.
* Mathematics: Offers various courses catering to different levels of mathematical ability, from basic algebra and geometry to calculus and advanced functions.
* Science: Provides more in-depth study of biology, chemistry, physics, and potentially earth science or environmental science. Students can choose specific science streams depending on their career interests.
* Social Studies: Expands on elementary school topics, including Canadian history, geography, civics, economics, and world history. Students may also have the option of courses focusing on specific historical periods or geographic regions.
* Physical Education & Health: Continues to promote healthy living and physical activity, potentially including specific sports or fitness programs. Health education might include topics like mental health, substance abuse, and sexual health.
* Arts Education: Offers a variety of elective courses in music, drama, visual arts, and potentially other artistic disciplines.
* Languages: Beyond English and French (where applicable), students may have opportunities to learn other languages, such as Spanish, German, Mandarin, etc.
* Technology: Computer literacy and digital skills are integrated into various subjects and may be offered as standalone courses.
* Career Education: Helps students explore career options and develop essential workplace skills.
Indigenous Perspectives: A crucial element across all grades and subjects is the integration of Indigenous perspectives, knowledge, and history. This is a growing area of focus in Canadian education.
It's important to remember that this is a general overview. Specific curriculum details and course offerings vary significantly by province/territory, school board, and even individual school. To get the most accurate information, it's best to consult the education ministry website of the specific province or territory you're interested in.