Have students draw boxes with two to three lines extending from each box. Each line will represent a sub-point from the main idea -- the higher box. Have students brainstorm about different topics they could write about and details about those topics that they find interesting. This concept map will help them realize what they are interested in and reveal the nuances of each idea in terms of how exciting it would be to write about it. Computer programs like Sciplore Mind Mapping (Sciplore.org) or Microsoft Word can aid with the concept map's creation.
After the student has a general idea of what he wants to write about, he can start researching. This step of the process requires using encyclopedias and other textbooks, CD-ROMs, DVDs and Internet databases. After finding the relevant information in reference materials, students should write down major points from their fact-finding for future reference. Afterward, they can copy and paste links or paragraphs from relevant sources for future reference. Students should document all findings properly for a works cited page that will be included with the final paper.
While research is integral to pre-writing, it is vital to draft the main points throughout this process. The major points jotted down from their research should be fleshed out and described in a sentence or two. Wordiness isn't the point of this activity; expressing the most important information succinctly is crucial. When typing this information, use the bullet list or numbering functions that Microsoft Word or other word processors provide. Pre-writing precludes writing excessively; the goal is to gather your thoughts so the paper's main points come in view, and you can write a quality paper based on those points and supporting information.
Pair each major point with several sources that provide argumentative strength. Do this on the computer by creating a table of three columns in Microsoft Word or another word processing program. One column is for a succinctly written statement that will be argued, the next is for supportive statements found in research and the third is for the direct reference point of where to find source material. Such a table will simplify the writing process since all necessary information for the major points is clearly laid out.