Explain to the children the types of government systems that exist. It is important they understand that not all governments use elections to choose their leaders. Other types of governments include dictatorships, theocracies and monarchies. These government systems do not hold public elections for their officials. They typically rely on succession through a family bloodline or military action to change leaders.
Discuss the founding of America and the founders' reasons for rebellion from England. It is crucial that children understand that the system they live under was founded for a reason. Many of the chief complaints that the founding fathers of America had revolved around the idea of personal freedoms. Unfair taxation and interference by soldiers of the British Army in daily life were also important reasons for the colonies' rebellion.
Show diagrams of the different branches of government. By explaining the powers of the different branches, children will more easily see why it is important to vote for the various offices. The three branches of the American government are legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative branch consists of the Congress, divided into the Senate and House of Representatives that are tasked with the creation of laws. They also spend the government's money, which is acquired through taxes. The executive branch consists primarily of the president of the United States. The president's main responsibility is to review laws created by Congress and to approve or veto them. He also handles several appointments in the federal government, including Supreme Court justices in the judicial branch. The Supreme Court hears cases on issues of constitutionality that may arise in American law.
Explain the party system that exists in government. By understanding the different parties in government, children, will be able to make better decisions and decide with whom they agree. This will reinforce the importance of voting because it personalizes the experience. The two major parties in America are the Republicans and the Democrats. There are also a number of smaller parties that are grouped into the Independent category. An example of one of these parties is the Green party.
Discuss the different stages of the voting process, including the primary elections. By explaining the different levels of elections, children will begin to understand the rigorous process that candidates must go through. Primary elections are held to allow voters to decide who they feel are the strongest candidates for the office.
Demonstrate the voting process by holding mock elections if you are teaching this in a classroom. This will further help prepare children for the responsibility of voting. If you are teaching older students, they could elect a mock congress to argue the merits of American independence. For younger students, you might hold elections for a class attendance taker or a position of similar responsibility.