* Individual needs and experiences: Learning is tailored to the learner's unique background, prior knowledge, learning style, and interests. It moves away from a "one-size-fits-all" approach.
* Active participation: Learners are not passive recipients of information but active participants in constructing their own understanding. They are encouraged to ask questions, explore, experiment, and take ownership of their learning.
* Autonomy and agency: Learners have a voice in deciding what, how, and when they learn. They are empowered to make choices and take control of their educational journey.
* Self-directed learning: Learners are encouraged to develop their own learning strategies and to become independent learners.
In essence, primacy of the learner puts the learner at the heart of the learning design and delivery. The teacher's role shifts from being the sole source of knowledge to a facilitator, mentor, and guide, supporting the learner's exploration and discovery. This approach often involves learner-centered teaching strategies like project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and collaborative learning.