Understanding the Literary Devices
* Irony: A contrast between what is expected and what actually happens, or a statement whose intended meaning is the opposite of its literal meaning.
* Symbolism: The use of objects, characters, or events to represent a larger, abstract idea.
* Epiphany: A sudden realization or insight that changes a character's understanding of themselves or the world.
* Hyperbole: An exaggeration used for emphasis or humor.
Examples in Chapters 35-50
* Irony: The intense expectations Pip holds for his "great" future are ironically undermined by his gradual realization that true happiness comes from genuine connections and not material wealth. He's disappointed by Estella's coldness and the emptiness of his life in London, even with his wealth.
* Symbolism:
* The River: The Thames acts as a symbol of both Pip's journey (from the country to the city and back again) and the passage of time, often representing the constant flow of life and change.
* The Marsh: The bleak, desolate landscape becomes a symbol of Pip's own internal turmoil and the harsh realities of his past.
* Miss Havisham: She embodies the destructive nature of holding onto past grievances, representing the potential for love to be twisted into bitterness.
* Epiphany: Pip's major epiphany comes when he realizes the true identity of his benefactor. This understanding shatters his illusions about social standing and forces him to confront his own past actions and motivations.
* Hyperbole: Pip's initial descriptions of his wealth and lifestyle in London often use hyperbole to emphasize the overwhelming feeling of change and the grandeur of his new life.
A Combined Example: The "Great Expectations" Name
In Chapter 44, Pip's entire world view is thrown into disarray when he discovers that Joe and Biddy, rather than the wealthy Miss Havisham, are the source of his good fortune. The name "Great Expectations" is a symbol of Pip's misguided ambition, his desire for a life he believed he didn't deserve. The revelation of Joe and Biddy's generosity creates a ironic twist, as the "great expectations" he so desperately desired are ironically rooted in the very people he had distanced himself from. This discovery represents a epiphany for Pip, forcing him to confront the superficiality of his social aspirations and the true value of genuine love and loyalty. The hyperbole of Pip's expectations throughout the novel adds to the irony, as his exaggerated desires are ultimately undermined by the simple truth of his benefactor's love.
Conclusion
Chapters 35-50 of Great Expectations are packed with examples of literary devices that contribute to the richness and depth of the story. By understanding the interplay of irony, symbolism, epiphany, and hyperbole, we can gain a deeper appreciation for Dickens's exploration of themes like ambition, class, and the complexities of human relationships.