- John (derived from the Hebrew name Yohanan, meaning "Yahweh is gracious")
- William (derived from the Germanic name Willahelm, composed of the elements "wil" (will, desire) and "helm" (helmet, protection))
- Robert (derived from the Germanic name Hrodberht, composed of the elements "hrod" (fame, glory) and "berht" (bright, famous))
- Henry (derived from the Germanic name Heinrich, composed of the elements "heim" (home) and "rik" (powerful, ruler))
- Richard (derived from the Germanic name Richard, composed of the elements "rik" (powerful, ruler) and "hard" (hardy, brave))
- Thomas (derived from the Aramaic name Toma, meaning "twin")
- Peter (derived from the Greek name Petros, meaning "rock")
- Walter (derived from the Germanic name Walter, composed of the elements "wald" (rule, power) and "heri" (army))
- Ralph (derived from the Old Norse name Radulfr, composed of the elements "rad" (counsel, advice) and "ulfr" (wolf))
- James (derived from the Hebrew name Ya'aqov, meaning "supplanter")
Some popular female European names from the early 1200s (13th century) include:
- Mary (derived from the Hebrew name Miriam, meaning "beloved")
- Alice (derived from the Old German name Adelheid, composed of the elements "adal" (noble) and "heid" (kind, manner))
- Joan (derived from the Hebrew name Yohananah, meaning "Yahweh is gracious")
- Isabel (derived from the Hebrew name Elisheva, meaning "oath of God")
- Margaret (derived from the Greek name Margarita, meaning "pearl")
- Eleanor (derived from the Occitan name Aenor, meaning "compassionate")
- Catherine (derived from the Greek name Aikaterine, meaning "pure")
- Elizabeth (derived from the Hebrew name Elisheba, meaning "oath of God")
- Matilda (derived from the Old German name Mahthild, composed of the elements "maht" (might, power) and "hild" (battle))
- Agnes (derived from the Greek name Hagne, meaning "chaste, pure")