The letter I = 1.
The letter V = 5.
The letter X = 10.
The letters are added together. For example, III means 3, because 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. VIII means 8, because 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8.
No more than three letters are used in a row. VIII is used, but VIIII is not.
If the letter representing a smaller number is used directly before a letter representing a larger number, the amount of the smaller number is subtracted from the larger number. For example, IV means 4, because I is before V, meaning 5 - 1, which equals 4. IX is 9, because 10 - 1 = 9.
1 is written as I.
2 is written as II.
3 is written as III.
4 is written as IV.
5 is written as V.
6 is written as VI.
7 is written as VII.
8 is written as VIII.
9 is written as IX.
10 is written as X.