Language Arts:
* Reading: Phonics (sounding out words), reading comprehension (understanding what's read), vocabulary building, fluency (reading smoothly and accurately), different genres of literature (fiction, non-fiction, poetry).
* Writing: Handwriting (often cursive in some areas), spelling, grammar, punctuation, sentence construction, creative writing (stories, poems), expository writing (informative reports).
Mathematics:
* Number sense: Counting, place value, number operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), basic fractions and decimals.
* Geometry: Shapes, spatial reasoning, measurement (length, weight, volume, time).
* Data analysis: Graphs, charts, interpreting data.
Science:
* Life Science: Plants, animals, ecosystems, human body basics.
* Physical Science: Matter, energy, simple machines, forces and motion.
* Earth Science: Weather, seasons, rocks, landforms. Often introduced through observation and simple experiments.
Social Studies:
* History: Basic timelines and events, local history, important figures.
* Geography: Maps, location, different cultures, communities.
* Civics: Rules, responsibilities, community involvement.
Other areas often included:
* Art: Drawing, painting, sculpting, other creative expression.
* Music: Singing, playing instruments, music theory basics.
* Physical Education: Developing physical skills, teamwork, sportsmanship.
* Technology: Basic computer skills, internet safety.
The focus in elementary school is on building a strong foundation in these core areas, developing essential skills, and fostering a love of learning. The complexity and depth of the topics increase gradually throughout the elementary years.