General Formatting Rules (apply to all citation types):
* Hanging Indent: The first line of each citation is flush left; subsequent lines are indented (usually 0.5 inches).
* Alphabetical Order: Citations in your References list are alphabetized by the first author's last name. If there's no author, alphabetize by the title.
* Italics: Titles of books, journals, and databases are italicized.
* Capitalization: Only capitalize the first word of titles (except for proper nouns). Capitalize all major words in journal titles.
Examples of Common Source Types:
1. Journal Article:
* With DOI:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. *Title of Journal*, *Volume*(Issue), pages-pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxxxx
*Example:*
Smith, J., Jones, A., & Brown, B. (2023). The impact of social media on adolescent well-being. *Journal of Adolescent Research*, *18*(2), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1000/example
* Without DOI:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. *Title of Journal*, *Volume*(Issue), pages-pages.
*Example:*
Miller, K. (2022). Climate change and its effects on coastal communities. *Environmental Science Today*, *5*(1), 55-72.
2. Book:
Author, A. A. (Year). *Title of work*. Publisher.
*Example:*
Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (2000). *The elements of style* (4th ed.). Longman.
3. Book Chapter:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), *Title of book* (pp. pages-pages). Publisher.
*Example:*
Bloch, E. (2018). The history of psychoanalysis. In J. Smith & A. Jones (Eds.), *Theories of the mind* (pp. 100-130). Oxford University Press.
4. Website:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). *Title of page*. Site name. URL
*Example:*
American Psychological Association. (2023, July 26). *APA style*. https://apastyle.apa.org/
5. Online Video:
Creator. (Year, Month Day). *Title of video* [Video]. Platform. URL
*Example:*
Khan Academy. (2015, May 12). *Introduction to psychology* [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXXXX
Important Considerations:
* Multiple Authors: List up to 20 authors. For 21 or more, list the first 19, then add an ellipsis (...) and the last author's name.
* No Author: If there's no author, start the citation with the title.
* No Date: Use (n.d.) in place of the year.
* Retrieval Information: For online sources, include retrieval information only if the content is likely to change.
APA Style Manual:
For the most accurate and comprehensive guide, consult the official *Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association* (7th ed.). Many universities also have online guides and citation generators to help. Using a citation management tool (like Zotero or Mendeley) can greatly simplify the process.