To study the effect of memory on learning, a researcher randomly assigns students to two different groups. One group (the experimental group) is given a list of words to memorize, while the other group (the control group) is given a different list of words that they are not asked to memorize. The researcher then tests both groups on their ability to recall the words they were given. The results of the experiment show that the experimental group is better able to remember the words they were given than the control group. This suggests that memorizing words can help improve learning.