The type of technology used by a person with special challenges depends on the disability. For example, some visually challenged students require special attachments to their computer screens that help them see the screen. Others require audio or programs that convert the written word to Braille. Students with motor difficulties may require a modified keyboard. Deaf students face the additional challenge of requiring tailored equipment and programs to allow them to see what the teacher speaks. In some cases, these technologies are not readily available to the student.
A person who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or who has mild learning disabilities may have a difficult time remaining seated long enough to focus on a lesson. These students require frequent redirection and prompting; otherwise they will quickly lose their focus and drift toward another activity. Additionally, they require a nearby person who can help them maintain a schedule. This skill is easily taught to the average student but doesn't come easily to students with learning disabilities and attention deficit disorders.
Persons with ADHD and with learning disabilities also need organizational help. Generally someone must physically help the students organize their thoughts and their materials. An online teacher can remind a student of schedules and discuss organization but will not be able to give that hands-on help her student may need.
Teachers use manipulatives to help students understand some of their lessons. This hands-on method uses objects to teach certain topics. For example, blocks may be used to teach math, clay to teach letters and clocks to teach time. This method is teacher-intensive and cannot be directed by a non-physical presence.
Peer tutoring is helpful to some learning-disabled children. The tutor almost innately knows how to direct and explain concepts to the student in a way that enables him to to finish his assignment correctly. Also, with the right tutor, the student feels more accepted by others and has a sense of accomplishment rather than the frustration of not understanding and not finishing a task. The online teacher is not his peer and is not a physical presence.
Learning problems frequently go hand in hand with diminished social skills. These students miscue or misinterpret everyday actions that are part of social situations. Even though it is hard for these students to develop social skills, it's important that they learn them if they are to function successfully in society. On line, even if students chat with each other, they don't receive the benefit of body language and of vocal inflections.