Research your topic. Formulate an opinion on voting in America. Your essay needs to be more direct than just three paragraphs on voting in general. Rather, it needs to put forth an argument about voting in America.
Define your argument clearly. This should be a claim that you can defend and back up. It should not be a factual statement. "America is a country where most people can vote" is not a very good point to make: there is no need to back it up because it's an objective fact. On the other hand, "American voter participation is low, which changes the representational composition of the House and Senate" is a statement you can back up with facts and examples.
Decide on three points that back up your main argument. Each of these points will be developed in its own paragraph. Your three points about voter participation might be (1) the racial make-up of Congress is not the same as that of the United States as a whole, (2) the gender make-up of Congress is not the same as that of the United States as a whole, and (3) the socioeconomic make-up of Congress is not the same as that of the United States as a whole.
Write an essay outline that has five sections. The first section will present your argument, "American voter participation is low, which changes the representational composition of the House and Senate." Give explanations and examples in the next three sections establishing each of the three points in Step 3. For example, your first section might state that African-Americans are not represented in Congress in proportion to their population size due to low voter turnout. Explain this point by citing the fact that voter turnout tends to be low among African-Americans according to a November 2010 CBS News story. Note that there is only one African-American Senator (1 percent proportionally) in spite of the fact that as of July 2009 there were 41.8 million African-Americans (13 percent of the population as a whole). The final section of your outline will give your conclusion.
Write a rough draft of your essay based on your five-section outline.
Edit your rough draft.
Write a final copy of your five-paragraph essay.