* Doctoral degrees (PhD, EdD, etc.): Almost always require a dissertation. This is a significant original research project.
* Master's degrees: Sometimes require a dissertation (often called a thesis), sometimes require a major research paper or project, and sometimes neither (depending on the program). Check the specific requirements of the program you're considering.
* Bachelor's degrees: Rarely require a dissertation or thesis. A significant research paper or project may be required in some programs, especially honors programs, but it's not the norm.
In short, the answer is generally yes for doctoral degrees, and it depends for master's and bachelor's degrees. Always check the specific program requirements of the university you are interested in.