1. Graphic Representation:
* Written language uses symbols (letters, characters, etc.) to represent spoken language.
* These symbols are visual and can be perceived by the eye.
* This allows for permanent records and communication over distance and time.
2. Linearity:
* Written language is linear, meaning it unfolds in a specific sequence, typically from left to right or right to left.
* This creates a sequential flow of information, requiring readers to process information in a specific order.
3. Formal Structure:
* Written language has a structured syntax and grammar, with rules governing word order, punctuation, and other elements.
* This enables clarity and precision, facilitating logical reasoning and complex expression.
4. Symbolic Abstraction:
* Written language uses abstract symbols to represent real-world concepts, objects, and actions.
* This allows for greater flexibility and generalization in communication.
5. Relative Permanence:
* Written language is durable, allowing information to be preserved for extended periods.
* This facilitates historical documentation, knowledge sharing, and cultural transmission.
6. Distance and Time Independence:
* Written language allows communication across geographical distance and time, connecting people who may never meet.
* This enables global communication, knowledge sharing, and cultural exchange.
7. Formal and Informal Varieties:
* Written language has formal and informal variations, depending on the context and audience.
* These variations influence tone, style, and level of formality, reflecting different communication goals.
8. Multilingual Nature:
* Written language is multi-lingual, with different languages using distinct writing systems.
* This reflects the diversity of human communication and the potential for intercultural understanding.
9. Interactive Nature:
* Written language is interactive, allowing for two-way communication through letters, emails, and other forms.
* This enables feedback, discussion, and collaborative learning.
10. Dynamic Evolution:
* Written language is constantly evolving, with new words, phrases, and technological advancements shaping its form and use.
* This adaptation reflects the changing needs of society and the dynamism of human language.
These characteristics make written language a powerful tool for communication, knowledge transmission, and cultural expression.