- Incipit (Latin for "here begins"): This is a large capital letter, usually decorated with flourishes and embellishments, that marks the beginning of a text.
- Explicit (Latin for "here ends"): This is a similar large capital letter that marks the end of a text.
- Rubric (Latin for "red"): This is a heading or title written in red ink, often decorated with flourishes. Rubrics are used to identify the chapters or sections of a text.
- Annotation: These are notes or comments added to the text, usually by a later reader. Annotations can be identified by their smaller size and different handwriting.
- Marginal note: These are notes or comments written in the margins of the text. Marginal notes can be identified by their position in the margins.
- Miniature: These are small, detailed paintings or illustrations that are often used to decorate manuscripts. Miniatures can be found at the beginning of a chapter or section, or in the margins of the text.
- Fleuron: These are decorative ornaments or symbols, often used to fill in blank spaces in the text or to separate sections.
- Versal: A large, decorative letter used at the beginning of a paragraph or section of text.
- Custos: A small mark or letter placed at the bottom of a page to indicate the first letter of the next page.
- Foliation: Numbers used to mark the pages of a manuscript. Foliation can be found in the upper or lower corners of the pages.