In what region or regions did literacy tax exist?

Literacy tax existed in the southern United States, particularly in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. These taxes were used as a means to disenfranchise African American voters and prevent them from exercising their right to vote. The taxes were designed to be prohibitive for African Americans, who were often denied access to education and thus had low literacy rates.