High School (Scuola Secondaria di Secondo Grado):
* Successful completion of all required courses: This includes a range of subjects, often including Italian language and literature, mathematics, history, science, foreign languages, and others depending on the specific *liceo* (high school type).
* Passing final exams (Esame di Stato): This is a crucial step, involving written and oral examinations across several subjects. The results of these exams determine the final high school diploma.
Undergraduate (Laurea Triennale):
* Completion of all required courses: A specified number of credits (Crediti Formativi Universitari, or CFU) must be earned, usually through a combination of lectures, seminars, and practical work.
* Passing all exams: Each course culminates in an exam, which must be passed to obtain the credits.
* Possible final thesis (Tesi di Laurea Triennale): Depending on the degree program, a final thesis or project might be required.
* Reaching a minimum grade point average (GPA): While not always explicitly stated as a single number, failing too many exams or consistently achieving very low grades can prevent graduation.
Postgraduate (Laurea Magistrale):
* Completion of all required courses: Similar to undergraduate studies, a specific number of CFUs must be earned.
* Passing all exams: Again, successful completion of all course exams is essential.
* Final thesis (Tesi di Laurea Magistrale): A substantial research project and thesis are invariably required for a postgraduate degree. The defense of this thesis is a significant part of the graduation process.
* Reaching a minimum grade point average (GPA): As with undergraduate studies, consistently poor performance will hinder graduation.
In short: To graduate at any level in Italy, a student needs to successfully complete all required coursework, pass all necessary exams, and often submit and defend a final thesis (at undergraduate and postgraduate levels). Specific requirements are detailed by the individual institution and degree program. It's crucial to consult the official documentation of the university or school in question for precise information.