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How to Cite Fieldwork in Turabian

Turabian is a subset of the Chicago Manual of Style designed specifically for use by college students writing term papers. According to Turabian guidelines, fieldwork that has been published should be cited according to the guidelines for that type of publication. However, if fieldwork has not been published and only exists as personal communication, such as an interview, this fieldwork should not be cited as a footnote or endnote, but should be cited directly in the text.

Instructions

- 1
  Begin your citation with the mode of communication, followed by a comma. Examples include "e-mail," "letter to author," personal interview." Make sure to place your citation within parentheses.
- 2
  End the citation with the date of communication, followed by an ending parenthetical mark. The date should appear in the following format: Month Day, Year. The completed citation should appear as follows:
  
  (personal interview, August 9, 1940)
- 3
  Place the citation before the quoted text. For example:
  
  John Brown states (personal interview, August 9, 1940) that "...."

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