1. Primary focus: Academic research is primarily focused on contributing new knowledge to a particular field of study, while general research can have various purposes such as information-gathering, problem-solving, or decision-making.
2. Methodology: Academic research follows a rigorous methodology that includes systematic data collection, analysis, interpretation, and peer review. It employs scientific methods to ensure validity, reliability, and objectivity. General research, on the other hand, can be less structured and may use various methods depending on the research question.
3. Originality: Academic research is expected to produce original findings and contribute to the existing body of knowledge. It involves novel ideas, concepts, or theories. General research may not necessarily aim for originality, but it can provide useful insights and information for practical purposes.
4. Objectivity: Academic research strives for objectivity and impartiality. Researchers aim to eliminate personal biases and present findings based on evidence and logical reasoning. General research may be more subjective, allowing for individual perspectives or interpretations.
5. Sources of information: Academic research relies on reputable and scholarly sources such as peer-reviewed journals, books, and academic databases. General research can draw from a wider range of sources, including non-academic publications, websites, and other forms of media.
6. Peer review: Academic research undergoes peer review, where experts in the field evaluate the manuscript's methodology, findings, and conclusions. Peer review helps ensure the quality and rigor of the research. General research may not undergo the same level of scrutiny.
7. Publication and dissemination: Academic research is often disseminated through academic journals, conferences, or books. It is intended for a specialized audience of scholars and researchers. General research may be disseminated in a variety of formats, including reports, articles, blogs, or presentations, and it can target a wider audience.
8. Rigorous documentation: Academic research requires proper and thorough documentation of sources, using citation styles such as APA, MLA, or Chicago style referencing. This is important for giving credit to original authors and ensuring transparency. General research may not have the same level of documentation requirements.
9. Impact and accountability: Academic research aims to make a significant and lasting impact on the field of study by advancing knowledge and understanding. It is subject to scrutiny by the academic community, which ensures accountability for research quality. General research may have a more immediate or practical impact for a specific purpose.
In summary, academic research is characterized by its focus on generating new knowledge, rigorous methodology, objectivity, reliance on scholarly sources, peer review, and dissemination within academic circles. General research is more flexible in its objectives, methods, audience, and dissemination, and it may serve various practical purposes.