1. Individualized Education Program (IEP): A legally mandated document outlining a student's specific learning needs, goals, and the services they will receive to support their academic success. This is the cornerstone of special education, creating a personalized plan for each student.
2. Specialized Instruction: This encompasses the individualized teaching methods, materials, and supports provided to meet the unique learning needs of students with disabilities. This might include modifications to curriculum, assistive technology, or specialized therapies.
3. Related Services: These are the support services that are necessary to help a student benefit from special education. Examples include speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, counseling, and transportation. They address a student's needs beyond just academics.