1) Sociology: Studies human behaviour and social interactions, providing an understanding of the societal factors that contribute to criminal behaviour.
2) Psychology: Explores the mental and emotional processes of individuals, helping understand the psychological factors that may lead to criminal behaviour.
3) Biology: Investigates the biological factors that can influence behaviour, including genetics, neurobiology, and evolutionary psychology.
4) Economics: Analyses economic factors that can impact criminal behaviour, such as poverty, income inequality, and unemployment.
5) Political Science: Studies political systems and public policies, providing insights into how governmental and legal structures can influence criminality.
6) Law: Provides a foundation for understanding the legal framework within which criminal behaviour is defined, investigated, and punished.
7) Anthropology: Examines cultural and social factors that can contribute to criminal behaviour, including belief systems, rituals, and social norms.
8) Geography: Explores the spatial distribution of crime and the influence of environmental factors on criminal behaviour.
9) Statistics: Provides methods for collecting, analysing, and interpreting data, essential for studying crime patterns and trends.