A doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) is the most common type of doctorate degree and is generally the highest degree awarded by most universities. Publishing academic research, known as a thesis or dissertation, is the main requirement for completion. A doctor of education and a doctor of engineering are also considered research doctorates if independent research is undertaken.
A professional doctorate is awarded to those engaged in a specific profession. Additional study in a professional program is required as well as completing research in that field. Professional doctorates are awarded in professions such as medicine and law. A medical doctorate is known as a Medicinae Doctor and a law doctorate is known as a Juris Doctor. Other professional doctorates include chiropractic medicine, known as a doctor of chiropractic (DC), a doctor of business administration (DBA) and a doctor of education (Ed.D.).
Honorary degrees are awarded by academic institutions when they want to recognize someone special in the community. Honorary doctorates are given to those who have made significant contributions in a particular field, usually in a philanthropic manner. Formal degree requirements are waived and the honorary doctorate is awarded at a convocation ceremony.