1. Focus:
- Scientific Management: Scientific management focuses on increasing efficiency and productivity through scientific methods, time studies, and work analysis. It aims to optimize processes and eliminate waste.
- Modern Management: Modern management takes a more comprehensive and holistic approach, considering various aspects such as employee motivation, leadership, organizational culture, and adaptability to change.
2. Human Resource Viewpoint:
- Scientific Management: Scientific management views workers as cogs in a machine, emphasizing their physical capabilities and task efficiency.
- Modern Management: Modern management recognizes employees as valuable assets and emphasizes the importance of their well-being, satisfaction, and motivation in achieving organizational goals.
3. Decision-Making Process:
- Scientific Management: Decision-making in scientific management is centralized and based on empirical data and analysis.
- Modern Management: Modern management encourages decentralized decision-making, allowing employees and teams to make decisions within their areas of expertise.
4. Leadership Style:
- Scientific Management: Scientific management advocates for a hierarchical leadership style with clear lines of authority and decision-making.
- Modern Management: Modern management promotes collaborative leadership, where leaders involve team members in decision-making and encourage open communication.
5. Employee Participation:
- Scientific Management: Scientific management emphasizes the division of labor and minimal employee involvement in decision-making.
- Modern Management: Modern management encourages employee participation, empowerment, and involvement in problem-solving and decision-making processes.
6. Adaptability:
- Scientific Management: Scientific management tends to be rigid and focuses on standardizing processes.
- Modern Management: Modern management embraces adaptability and flexibility, emphasizing the need for organizations to respond quickly to changing market conditions and customer demands.
7. Employee Motivation:
- Scientific Management: Scientific management focuses on extrinsic motivation, such as financial incentives, to increase productivity.
- Modern Management: Modern management recognizes the importance of both intrinsic motivation, which stems from personal satisfaction and growth opportunities, and extrinsic motivation.
8. Organizational Structure:
- Scientific Management: Scientific management favors a tall organizational structure with multiple layers of management.
- Modern Management: Modern management prefers a flatter organizational structure with fewer levels of management, promoting faster communication and decision-making.
In summary, scientific management is characterized by its emphasis on efficiency, time studies, and task optimization. It views employees as interchangeable resources and follows a centralized, hierarchical decision-making process. Modern management takes a more holistic approach, recognizing the importance of employee well-being, adaptability, and collaborative decision-making. It emphasizes employee involvement, empowerment, and continuous improvement. While scientific management laid the foundation for modern efficiency techniques, modern management practices are more comprehensive, flexible, and people-oriented, reflecting the changing dynamics of the business landscape.