Pre-law programs at universities do not lead to a specialized degree but rather develop the skills that are used and further refined in law school. The course of study leads to a bachelor's degree. Among the skills developed are analytical, reasoning and communication skills. Recommended majors are English, history, philosophy and political science. As preparation for law school, students should also familiarize themselves with the legal institutions that play a role in our democratic society.
A JD is both a professional and a graduate degree conferred by law schools. The JD degree qualifies an individual to sit for state bar exams. Passing the bar exam is the last major step in becoming a licensed attorney. Most law schools require applicants to have a bachelor's degree in order to start a JD program. The JD degree takes three years to complete at most law schools. In the first year of law school, students take required courses in contracts, torts, civil procedure and criminal law.
Advanced law degrees include the master of laws, (LLM) , the doctor of jurisprudence (J.S.D), doctor of juridical science (S.J.D.) and doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.). Specialized degrees include the master of comparative laws, master of arts in law and diplomacy and master of laws in international law. Some schools recommend the LLM degree to students who have graduated from law school abroad and wish to practice law in the United States. Doctoral programs in law require candidates to write a dissertation that is publishable. The paper must make an original contribution to legal literature.
Many universities offer dual degree programs in conjunction with other schools at the university. Some degrees that are offered with a JD are the masters in business administration (JD/MBA), the master of public health (JD/MPH), the master of public policy (JD/MPP) and the master of science in foreign service (JD/MSCS). The dual degree prepares students for specialized careers in their field of interest.