Forensic biology as a science dates back to the 1800s, according to the New York State Police. Early forensic biologists used fingerprinting, bullet tracing and blood types to help catch a criminal or identify a victim. Advances in forensic biology have been rapid in the last 40 years, with electron microscopes, DNA testing, presumptive drug testing and digital fingerprinting. Forensic biology is a constantly evolving science, which requires specific education and training in order to obtain employment.
According to Explore Health Careers, forensic biologists examine blood, bodily fluids, hair, bones, insects, and plant and animal remains as they investigate crime scenes to help identify crime victims. They support criminal investigations done by law enforcement agencies. People who want to become forensic biologists must be extremely detail oriented, because they are evaluating evidence that may later be used in court. Forensic biologists may also have to testify in court. They may also specialize in DNA analysis, crime scene analysis, or fibers and materials.
In order to work as a forensic biologist, according to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, a bachelor's degree is usually necessary. Forensic biologists may get a degree in biology, microbiology or physiology. Coursework includes classes in biochemistry, botany, etymology, zoology, and physiology. Students may also take courses in psychology, criminology or criminal justice in order to understand crime, crime scenes, and perpetrator or victim profiles. Some forensic biologists specialize further, according to Florida State University. They may take courses in geology and soils, anthropology and textile analysis.
The Occupational Outlook Handbook states that many laboratories now want forensic biologists to have a master's degree and further specialization. In a master's program in forensic biology, students could choose to specialize in identification of materials, advanced DNA analysis, forensic statistics, toxicology, trace materials analysis, material identification and forensic law. Master's degree holders may work in crime laboratories throughout the United States, police departments, medical examiners offices, or state and federal agencies.